diff --git a/tp-tests.el b/tp-tests.el
index 8a0b119..873cc16 100644
--- a/tp-tests.el
+++ b/tp-tests.el
@@ -3330,5 +3330,46 @@ When using tp-set (direct property setting), tp-name is NOT added."
       (should (equal (get-text-property 0 'test1 result) "value1"))
       (should (equal (get-text-property 0 'test2 result) "value2")))))
 
+;; Tests for tp-push-layer and tp-put-layer with define-tp layers
+(ert-deftest tp-test-push-layer-non-parameterized ()
+  "Test tp-push-layer with non-parameterized define-tp layer."
+  (tp-test-with-temp-buffer
+    (define-tp tp-bold ()
+      '(face bold))
+    ;; String form
+    (let ((result (tp-push-layer "emacs" 'tp-bold)))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'tp-name result) 'tp-bold))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'face result) 'bold)))))
+
+(ert-deftest tp-test-push-layer-parameterized ()
+  "Test tp-push-layer with parameterized define-tp layer."
+  (tp-test-with-temp-buffer
+    (define-tp tp-space (pixel)
+      `(display (space :width (,pixel))))
+    ;; String form with parameterized layer
+    (let ((result (tp-push-layer "emacs" '(tp-space 6))))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'tp-name result) 'tp-space))
+      (should (equal (get-text-property 0 'display result) '(space :width (6)))))))
+
+(ert-deftest tp-test-put-layer-non-parameterized ()
+  "Test tp-put-layer with non-parameterized define-tp layer."
+  (tp-test-with-temp-buffer
+    (define-tp tp-italic ()
+      '(face italic))
+    ;; String form
+    (let ((result (tp-put-layer "emacs" 'tp-italic 0)))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'tp-name result) 'tp-italic))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'face result) 'italic)))))
+
+(ert-deftest tp-test-put-layer-parameterized ()
+  "Test tp-put-layer with parameterized define-tp layer."
+  (tp-test-with-temp-buffer
+    (define-tp tp-width (pixels)
+      `(display (space :width (,pixels))))
+    ;; String form with parameterized layer
+    (let ((result (tp-put-layer "emacs" '(tp-width 10) 0)))
+      (should (eq (get-text-property 0 'tp-name result) 'tp-width))
+      (should (equal (get-text-property 0 'display result) '(space :width (10)))))))
+
 (provide 'tp-ert-tests)
 ;;; tp-ert-tests.el ends here
diff --git a/tp.el b/tp.el
index 7afeba4..f5acb0b 100644
--- a/tp.el
+++ b/tp.el
@@ -2733,20 +2733,48 @@ Returns a list of (START END PROPERTIES) for matching intervals."
 
 (defun tp--normalize-layer-spec (layer-spec)
   "Normalize LAYER-SPEC to a plist with tp-name.
-Used by layer stack functions that need tp-name for identification."
+Used by layer stack functions that need tp-name for identification.
+
+LAYER-SPEC can be:
+- A symbol (non-parameterized layer name from define-tp or tp-define-layer)
+- A list (LAYER-NAME ARG) for parameterized layers from define-tp
+- A plist for inline layer definition
+- A list (NAME &rest PLIST) for named inline layer"
   (cond
-   ;; Symbol - look up in tp-layer-alist
+   ;; Symbol - look up in tp-layer-alist (non-parameterized layer)
    ((symbolp layer-spec)
-    (or (tp-layer-props layer-spec t)  ; include tp-name for layer stack
-        (error "Layer %S not found in tp-layer-alist" layer-spec)))
-   ;; List starting with symbol followed by plist - named inline layer (name &rest plist)
+    (cond
+     ;; Parameterized layer symbol without arg - error
+     ((tp-layer-parameterized-p layer-spec)
+      (error "Parameterized layer %S requires an argument, use '(%S arg)" 
+             layer-spec layer-spec))
+     ;; Non-parameterized layer or old-format layer
+     ((assoc layer-spec tp-layer-alist)
+      (or (tp-layer-props layer-spec t)  ; include tp-name for layer stack
+          (error "Layer %S not found in tp-layer-alist" layer-spec)))
+     (t (error "Layer %S not found in tp-layer-alist" layer-spec))))
+   
+   ;; List starting with symbol - check if it's a parameterized layer
    ((and (listp layer-spec)
          (symbolp (car layer-spec))
-         (not (keywordp (car layer-spec)))
-         (cdr layer-spec))
+         (not (keywordp (car layer-spec))))
     (let ((name (car layer-spec))
-          (props (cdr layer-spec)))
-      (append props (list 'tp-name name))))
+          (rest (cdr layer-spec)))
+      (cond
+       ;; Parameterized layer: (LAYER-NAME ARG)
+       ((and (tp-layer-parameterized-p name)
+             (= (length rest) 1))
+        (or (tp-layer-props-with-arg name (car rest) t)  ; include tp-name
+            (error "Failed to resolve parameterized layer %S with arg %S" 
+                   name (car rest))))
+       ;; Named inline layer: (NAME &rest PLIST)
+       (rest
+        (append rest (list 'tp-name name)))
+       ;; Just a symbol in a list - treat as non-parameterized layer
+       ((null rest)
+        (or (tp-layer-props name t)
+            (error "Layer %S not found in tp-layer-alist" name))))))
+   
    ;; Plist (starts with keyword or property name)
    ((and (listp layer-spec) layer-spec)
     layer-spec)